I'm trying to compile a test file: gcc -o test test.c -lg2c but I get the error: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lg2c If I use: gcc -o test test.c -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86 Presented by Linux Academy, access the main Linux Academy website to. Shared Libraries. Shared libraries are libraries that are loaded by programs when they start. When a shared library is installed properly, all programs that start.

Build Your Own Linux: Presented by Linux Academy. Presented by Linux Academy, access the main Linux Academy website to view related course videos and other content. Join the Linux Academy community for free to chat with thousands of like- minded Linux experts.

Section 1. Our Goal. What We are Building.

This course walks through the creation of a 6. Linux kernel. Our goal is to produce a small, sleek system well- suited for hosting containers or being employed as a virtual machine. Because we don't need every piece of functionality under the sun, we're not going to include every piece of software you might find in a typical distro. This distribution is intended to be minimal. Here is what our end- result will look like: 6. Linux 4. 8 Kernel with GCC 6.

A system compatible with both EFI and BIOS hardware. Bootable with GRUB2. A VFAT formatted partition for GRUB/UEFIA boot partition. A root partition. What We are Learning. This course provides step- by- step instructions in an effort to build the Linux kernel, the GNU C Standard Library implementation, GCC, and user- land binaries from source. The tasks are presented in linear order, and must be followed sequentially, as later tasks have dependencies on early tasks.

My problem is that code::blocks error message tells me that it can't find file executable in the search path for gnc gcc compiler. Although, I don't know what that. Ubuntu Server Install also contains some notes on getting Dropbox running via the command line. If you're running CentOS, please visit this article for a thorough.

Do not skip around. Following this guide as intended will, in turn, enlighten you to many of the . Working knowledge of Virtual. Box and a solid foundation in Linux and Linux troubleshooting are essential. If you're not as familiar with Virtual.

Box as you would like, take a look at the . That course, as well, provides the foundational knowledge required for this course.

Back to top. Standards. As we progress through this course, we will adhere to the FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard) specification, version 3. We will adhere (mostly) to the LSB (Linux Standard Base) specification, version 5. See the pertinent sections in this guide for more information on these two topics. Back to top. Filesystem Hierarchy Standard. We follow the FHS 3.

The FHS provides guidance as to how the filesystem should be structured in terms of directory structure, partition location, and directory use. FHS 3. 0 specifies four major file categories: Static OR variable. Shareable OR unshareable. It would seem there are two categories above; however, there are not. All files fall into two of the four categories, without exception. The following directories are required in the primary (or root) hierarchy; their use is as noted.

Essential binariesboot : : Static boot- related filesdev : : Device filesetc : : Host- specific system configuration. Essential shared libraries and kernel modulesmedia : : Mount point for removable mediamnt : : Mount point for temporarily mounting a filesystemopt : : Add- on softwarerun : : Data relevant to running processes; /var/run is used more frequentlysbin : : Essential system binariessrv : : Data for services providedtmp : : Temporary filesusr : : Secondary hierarchy; identical to primary (root) hierarchyvar : : Variable (non- static) data.

User home directories are located in /usr/home, which is linked to /home. This standard also specifies in detail which binaries are required; more information regarding this may be found at. Back to top. Linux Standard Base. We follow the LSB Core Specification for the 6. LSB. Adherence and deviance from the standard will be pointed out in the course where we feel it is important to do so.

Back to top. A Word on Linux. Second, in a broader sense, it refers to the various packagings of the Linux kernel with other programs to provide the functionality required of a complete operating system. Sound strange? It's not; it's one of the things that makes Linux so versatile. The kernel itself manages the hardware, memory, and the other parts of a computer system which are typically opaque to installed programs. Programs installed to provide additional functionality are referred to as . Ubuntu, for instance, varies quite a bit from Cent.

OS 6. Both of these are separate distributions of Linux. Unlike operating systems, which are built in a monolithic fashion (where the user- land and kernel are tightly- coupled, such as Free. BSD, VMS, Windows, etc.), Linux allows for variations on theme which number into the thousands.

You can run any distribution which uses a 4. Some distributions may package utilities using older or incompatible versions than what ia needed in this course. Clean Install. We strongly recommend that you use a clean install for the build system. Notice we undertake the whole of this course in a virtual machine running in Virtual. Box; we do this to facilitate the building of Linux in a clean environment.

Any virtualization environment will do, provided you have access to the console, as it may be necessary at various points. Actual hardware is also acceptable, if those resources are readily available to you. Build System Disk Partitions.

The build system — the virtual machine we use to build Linux — uses the following disk layout. This output is from the parted print all command: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags. B 5. 25. MB 5. 24. MB primary ext. 4 boot. MB 1. 9. 3. GB 1. GB primary ext. 4.

GB 2. 1. 5. GB 2. MB primary linux- swap(v. Whilst we walk through the creation of the destination drive (where our newly- built distribution will be installed) in the videos, you should have the proficiency to install Linux and the necessary tools prior to undertaking this course. It is strongly recommended that you take the . You can select this during the installation process, or you can install using the group install option for yum or dnf. Note that the package group names may differ depending on distribution, but generally, we will need the . For this reason, you need the .

Most often, the most recent version (with patches) will be sufficient. Linux kernel 4. xm. Dvb Dream 2 2A Set Up Keychain. Bison. IMPORTANTNote that Fedora Core 2. This means yacc is not a link to the bison executable. You can verify this with the following command: rpm - qf `which yacc`.

If the yacc binary is installed by the byacc package, execute the following: Remove the byacc package: dnf erase byacc. Re- install bisondnf reinstall bison. Link the bison binary: ln - s `which bison` /bin/yacc. Call yacc - V and make certain the output matches bison - V. Hardware/Virtual Hardware Specifications.

CPUs. Many of the packages we compile in this course can benefit from parallel make processes. The make command can, in many cases, compile multiple source files simultaneously, provided the build system has more than one CPU.

It is strongly recommended than you allocate at least two CPUs if your build system is virtualized. If you are using hardware, ideally you will have at least two physical CPU cores to speed up the build process. In particular, build and test times for software like GCC can be reduced a great deal by having make execute processes in parallel. In places where you see - j. CPUs allocated to the VM (or, if using hardware, the number of physical cores in the system). So, provided you have four CPU cores available, you are welcome to use - j. RAMVirtualized or otherwise, you will need at least two gigabytes of free RAM available.

Do not include swap space in this consideration. Builds may fail if swap use becomes extant. Build System Disks. In addition to to the system disk, the build system needs an additional block storage device available.

We recommend attaching a 2. SAS or SATA controller of your virtual machine. If using hardware, this device can be a USB drive, a second hard, etc.; however, it must be a local block device physically attached to the system.

Back to top. Users, Groups, and More. Don't Use root Unless Needed. The most important rule of this course parallels a general principle in *NIX in general: Do nothing as root unless it is required. Particularly, when compiling code, it is very possible to crash your system or damage your installation.

It is possible to even damage hardware in many cases.