Chapter 3. 1 - American Life in the Roaring . Seeing Red. After World War I, America turned inward, away from the world, andstarted a policy of “isolationism.” Americans denounced“radical” foreign ideas and “un- American”lifestyles. The “Red Scare” of 1. Attorney General. A. Mitchell Palmer (“Fighting Quaker”) using a series ofraids to round up and arrest about 6,0.

Communists. In December of 1. Buford. The Red Scare severely cut back free speech for a period, since thehysteria caused many people to want to eliminate any Communists andtheir ideas. The two accused were. Italians, atheists, anarchists, and draft dodgers, and the courts mayhave been prejudiced against them. In this time period, anti- foreignism (or “nativism”) was high. Liberals and radicals rallied around the two men, but they were executed.

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II. Hooded Hoodlums of the KKKThe new Ku Klux Klan was anti- foreign, anti- Catholic, anti- black,anti- Jewish, anti- pacifist, anti- Communist, anti- internationalist,anti- revolutionist, anti- bootlegger, anti- gambling, anti- adultery, andanti- birth control. More simply, it was pro- White Anglo- Saxon Protestant (WASP) and anti- everything else. At its peak in the 1. South, but it also featured a reign of hooded horror. Stemming the Foreign Flood.

In 1. 92. 0- 2. 1, some 8. European “New Immigrants”(mostly from the southeastern Europe regions) came to the U.

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S. So, a new policy wassought. The Prohibition “Experiment”The 1. Amendment (and later, the Volstead Act) prohibited thesale of alcohol, but this law never was effectively enforced because somany people violated it. Actually, most people thought that Prohibition was here to stay, and this was especially popular in the Midwest and the South.

Prohibition was particularly supported by women and the. Women’s Christian Temperance Union, but it also posed problemsfrom countries that produced alcohol and tried to ship it to the U. S.(illegally, of course). In actuality, bank savings did increase, and absenteeism in industry did go down. V. The Golden Age of Gangsterism.

Prohibition led to the rise of gangs that competed to distribute liquor. In the gang wars of Chicago in the 1. Valentine’s Day Massacre.

Capone was finallycaught for tax evasion. Gangs moved into other activities as well: prostitution, gambling,and narcotics, and by 1. In 1. 93. 2, gangsters kidnapped the baby son of Charles Lindbergh,shocking the nation, and this event led Congress to the so- called. Lindbergh Law, which allowed the death penalty to certain cases ofinterstate abduction. VI. Monkey Business in Tennessee. Education made strides behind the progressive ideas of John Dewey,a professor at Columbia University who set forth principles of“learning by doing” and believed that “education forlife” should be the primary goal of school.

Scopes, a high school teacher of Dayton, Tennessee, was chargedwith teaching evolution. The Mass- Consumption Economy. Prosperity took off in the “Roaring 2.

Treasury. Secretary Andrew Mellons, which favored the rapid expansion of capitalinvestment. Henry Ford perfected the assembly- line production to where hisfamous Rouge River Plant was producing a finished automobile every tenseconds. The automobile now provided more freedom, more luxury, and more privacy. A new medium arose as well: advertising, which used persuasion, ploy, seduction, and sex appeal to sell merchandise. Both ways werecapable of plunging an unexpecting consumer into debt. Sports were buoyed by people like home- run hero Babe Ruth and boxers Jack Dempsey and Georges Carpentier. VIII. Putting America on Rubber Tires.

Americans adapted, rather than invented, the gasoline engine. People like Henry Ford and Ransom E. Olds (famous for Oldsmobile) developed the infant auto industry. Early cars stalled and weren’t too reliable, but eventually, cars like the Ford Model T became cheap and easy to own.

The Advent of the Gasoline Age. The automobile spurred 6 million people to new jobs and took over the railroad as king of transportation. Humans Develop Wings. On December 1. 7, 1.

Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the firstairplane for 1. Kitty Hawk, N. C. Aviation slowly got off the ground, and they were used a bit in. World War I, but afterwards, it really took off when they became usedfor mail and other functions. Louis, going from.

New York to Paris. XI. The Radio Revolution. In the 1. 89. 0s, Guglielmo Marconi had already invented wirelesstelegraphy and his invention was used for long distance communicationin the Great War. Then, in November of 1.

KDKA (in Pittsburgh) told of presidentialcandidate Warren G. Harding’s landslide victory. While the automobile lured Americans away from home, the radiolured them back, as millions tuned in to hear favorites like Amos. Hollywood’s Filmland Fantasies. Thomas Edison was one of those who invented the movie, but in 1. The Great Train Robbery.

Griffith’s The Birth ofa Nation, which stunned viewers visually, but seemed to glorify the KKKin the Reconstruction era. The first “talkie” or movie with sound was The Jazz Singer with Al Jolson. Instruction Manual For Tomtom Start 25 5. Hollywood, California, quickly became a hot spot for movie production, due to its favorable climate and landscape. The first movies featured nudity and female vampires called“vamps” until shocked public forced codes of censorship tobe placed on them.

Propaganda movies of World War I boosted the popularity of movies. Critics, though, did bemoan the vulgarization of popular tastes wrought by radio and movies. Radio shows and movies seemed to lessen interaction andheighten passivity. XIII. The Dynamic Decade.

For the first time, more Americans lived in urban areas, not the rural countryside. The birth- control movement was led by fiery Margaret Sanger, andthe National Women’s Party began in 1. Equal. Rights Amendment to the Constitution. The Fundamentalists of old- time religion even lost ground to thenew Modernists, who liked to think that God was a “goodguy” and the universe was a nice place, as opposed to thetraditional view that man was a born sinner and in need of forgivenessthrough Christ.

A brash new group shocked many conservative older folk (who labeledthe new style as full of erotic suggestions and inappropriate). The“flaming youth” who lived this modern life were called“flappers.”. They danced new dances like the risqu. Handy,“Jelly Roll” Morton, and Joseph King Oliver gave birth toits bee- bopping sounds.

Black pride spawned such leaders as Langston Hughes of the Harlem. Renaissance and famous for The Weary Blues, which appeared in 1.

Marcus Garvey (founder of the United Negro Improvement Association andinspiration for the Nation of Islam). XIV. Cultural Liberation. By the dawn of the 1. Henry James,Henry Adams, and William Dean Howells) had died, and those thatsurvived, like Edith Wharton and Willa Cather were popular. Many of the new writers, though, hailed from different backgrounds (not Protestant New Englanders). Mencken, the “Bad Boy of Baltimore,” found fault in much of America.

Scott Fitzgerald wrote This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby, both of which captured the society of the “Jazz Age,” including odd mix of glamour and the cruelty. Theodore Dreiser wrote as a Realist (not Romantic) in An American Tragedy about the murder of a pregnant working girl by her socially- conscious lover.

Ernest Hemingway wrote The Sun Also Rises, and A Farewell to Arms,and became a voice for the “Lost Generation”—theyoung folks who’d been ruined by the disillusionment of WWI. Sherwood Anderson wrote Winesburg, Ohio describing small- town life in America. Sinclair Lewis disparaged small- town America in his Main Street and Babbitt.

William Faulkner’s Soldier’s Pay, The Sound and the Fury, and As I Lay Dying all were famous and stunning with his use of the new, choppy “stream of consciousness” technique. Poetry also was innovative, and Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot were two great poets. Eugene O’Neill’s plays like Strange Interlude laid bare human emotions. Other famous writers included Claude Mc. Kay and Zora Neale Hurston.